A solar panel, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) module, is a device that converts sunlight into usable electricity. It is made up of solar cells, which are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon, and can be used to generate electricity for a variety of applications.

When sunlight strikes the solar cells in a panel, it excites the electrons in the semiconductor material, causing them to flow through the material and create an electric current. This direct current (DC) is then sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) that can be used to power appliances and electronics in a home or business.

Solar panels can be installed on rooftops, on the ground, or even on poles or other structures. They can be used to provide electricity for homes, businesses, schools, and other institutions, as well as to power devices such as calculators, street lights, and even satellites.

Overall, solar panels are a clean and renewable source of energy that can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the harmful effects of climate change.